<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII"?>
<!-- DFIN New ActiveDisclosure (SM) XBRL Schema Document - http://www.dfinsolutions.com/ -->
<!-- Creation Date :2023-08-09T13:08:36.9700+00:00 -->
<!-- Copyright (c) 2023 Donnelly Financial Solutions, Inc. All Rights Reserved. -->
<xsd:schema targetNamespace="http://www.tenayatherapeutics.com/20230630" attributeFormDefault="unqualified" elementFormDefault="qualified" xmlns:dtr-types="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2022-03-31" xmlns:enum2="http://xbrl.org/2020/extensible-enumerations-2.0" xmlns:srt="http://fasb.org/srt/2023" xmlns:tnya="http://www.tenayatherapeutics.com/20230630" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:us-gaap="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2023" xmlns:dei="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023" xmlns:xbrldt="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-instance-2003-12-31.xsd" namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance"/>
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd" namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase"/>
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd" namespace="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt"/>
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-2023.xsd" namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023"/>
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="https://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2022-03-31/types.xsd" namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2022-03-31"/>
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2023/elts/us-gaap-2023.xsd" namespace="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2023"/>
  <xsd:import schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2023/elts/srt-2023.xsd" namespace="http://fasb.org/srt/2023"/>
  <xsd:annotation>
    <xsd:appinfo>
      <link:linkbaseRef xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="tnya-20230630_lab.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/labelLinkbaseRef" xlink:title="Labels link" xlink:type="simple"/>
      <link:linkbaseRef xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="tnya-20230630_pre.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationLinkbaseRef" xlink:title="Presentation link" xlink:type="simple"/>
      <link:linkbaseRef xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="tnya-20230630_def.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/definitionLinkbaseRef" xlink:title="Definition link" xlink:type="simple"/>
      <link:linkbaseRef xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="tnya-20230630_cal.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/calculationLinkbaseRef" xlink:title="Calculation link" xlink:type="simple"/>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.tenayatherapeutics.com/20230630/taxonomy/role/Role_DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation" id="Role_DocumentDocumentAndEntityInformation">
        <link:definition>100000 - Document - Document and Entity Information</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.tenayatherapeutics.com/20230630/taxonomy/role/Role_StatementCondensedBalanceSheetsUnaudited" id="Role_StatementCondensedBalanceSheetsUnaudited">
        <link:definition>100010 - Statement - Condensed Balance Sheets (Unaudited)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.tenayatherapeutics.com/20230630/taxonomy/role/Role_StatementCondensedStatementsOfOperationsAndComprehensiveLossUnaudited" id="Role_StatementCondensedStatementsOfOperationsAndComprehensiveLossUnaudited">
        <link:definition>100020 - Statement - Condensed Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.tenayatherapeutics.com/20230630/taxonomy/role/StatementCondensedStatementsOfStockholdersEquityUnaudited" id="StatementCondensedStatementsOfStockholdersEquityUnaudited">
        <link:definition>100030 - Statement - Condensed Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.tenayatherapeutics.com/20230630/taxonomy/role/StatementCondensedStatementsOfStockholdersEquityUnauditedParenthetical" id="StatementCondensedStatementsOfStockholdersEquityUnauditedParenthetical">
        <link:definition>100040 - Statement - Condensed Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) (Parenthetical)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.tenayatherapeutics.com/20230630/taxonomy/role/Role_StatementCondensedStatementsOfCashFlowsUnaudited" id="Role_StatementCondensedStatementsOfCashFlowsUnaudited">
        <link:definition>100050 - Statement - Condensed Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.tenayatherapeutics.com/20230630/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureOrganizationAndDescriptionOfBusiness" id="Role_DisclosureOrganizationAndDescriptionOfBusiness">
        <link:definition>100060 - Disclosure - Organization and Description of the Business</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.tenayatherapeutics.com/20230630/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPolicies" id="Role_DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPolicies">
        <link:definition>100070 - Disclosure - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.tenayatherapeutics.com/20230630/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureFairValueMeasurements" id="Role_DisclosureFairValueMeasurements">
        <link:definition>100080 - Disclosure - Fair Value Measurements</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.tenayatherapeutics.com/20230630/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureBalanceSheetComponents" id="Role_DisclosureBalanceSheetComponents">
        <link:definition>100090 - Disclosure - Balance Sheet Components</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.tenayatherapeutics.com/20230630/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureLicenseAgreements" id="Role_DisclosureLicenseAgreements">
        <link:definition>100100 - Disclosure - License Agreements</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.tenayatherapeutics.com/20230630/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureCommitmentsAndContingencies" id="Role_DisclosureCommitmentsAndContingencies">
        <link:definition>100110 - Disclosure - Commitments and Contingencies</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.tenayatherapeutics.com/20230630/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureStockBasedCompensation" id="Role_DisclosureStockBasedCompensation">
        <link:definition>100120 - Disclosure - Stock-Based Compensation</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.tenayatherapeutics.com/20230630/taxonomy/role/DisclosureStockholdersEquity" id="DisclosureStockholdersEquity">
        <link:definition>100130 - Disclosure - Stockholders' Equity</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.tenayatherapeutics.com/20230630/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureIncomeTaxes" id="Role_DisclosureIncomeTaxes">
        <link:definition>100140 - Disclosure - Income Taxes</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.tenayatherapeutics.com/20230630/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureNetLossPerShare" id="Role_DisclosureNetLossPerShare">
        <link:definition>100150 - Disclosure - Net Loss Per Share</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.tenayatherapeutics.com/20230630/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies" id="Role_DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies">
        <link:definition>100160 - Disclosure - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.tenayatherapeutics.com/20230630/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureFairValueMeasurementsTables" id="Role_DisclosureFairValueMeasurementsTables">
        <link:definition>100170 - Disclosure - Fair Value Measurements (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.tenayatherapeutics.com/20230630/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureBalanceSheetComponentsTables" id="Role_DisclosureBalanceSheetComponentsTables">
        <link:definition>100180 - Disclosure - Balance Sheet Components (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.tenayatherapeutics.com/20230630/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureCommitmentAndContingenciesTables" id="Role_DisclosureCommitmentAndContingenciesTables">
        <link:definition>100190 - Disclosure - Commitment and Contingencies (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.tenayatherapeutics.com/20230630/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureStockBasedCompensationTables" id="Role_DisclosureStockBasedCompensationTables">
        <link:definition>100200 - Disclosure - Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.tenayatherapeutics.com/20230630/taxonomy/role/DisclosureStockholdersEquityTables" id="DisclosureStockholdersEquityTables">
        <link:definition>100210 - Disclosure - Stockholders' Equity (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.tenayatherapeutics.com/20230630/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureNetLossPerShareTables" id="Role_DisclosureNetLossPerShareTables">
        <link:definition>100220 - Disclosure - Net Loss Per Share (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.tenayatherapeutics.com/20230630/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureOrganizationAndDescriptionOfBusinessAdditionalInformationDetails" id="Role_DisclosureOrganizationAndDescriptionOfBusinessAdditionalInformationDetails">
        <link:definition>100230 - Disclosure - Organization and Description of the Business - Additional Information (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.tenayatherapeutics.com/20230630/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesAdditionalInformationDetails" id="Role_DisclosureSummaryOfSignificantAccountingPoliciesAdditionalInformationDetails">
        <link:definition>100240 - Disclosure - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.tenayatherapeutics.com/20230630/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureFairValueMeasurementsSummaryOfFairValueOfFinancialAssetsMeasuredAtFairValueOnRecurringBasisDetails" id="Role_DisclosureFairValueMeasurementsSummaryOfFairValueOfFinancialAssetsMeasuredAtFairValueOnRecurringBasisDetails">
        <link:definition>100250 - Disclosure - Fair Value Measurements - Summary of Fair Value of Financial Assets Measured at Fair Value on Recurring Basis (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.tenayatherapeutics.com/20230630/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureFairValueMeasurementsAdditionalInformationDetails" id="Role_DisclosureFairValueMeasurementsAdditionalInformationDetails">
        <link:definition>100260 - Disclosure - Fair Value Measurements - Additional Information (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.tenayatherapeutics.com/20230630/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureBalanceSheetComponentsSummaryOfPropertyAndEquipmentNetDetails" id="Role_DisclosureBalanceSheetComponentsSummaryOfPropertyAndEquipmentNetDetails">
        <link:definition>100270 - Disclosure - Balance Sheet Components - Summary of Property and Equipment, Net (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.tenayatherapeutics.com/20230630/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureBalanceSheetComponentsAdditionalInformationDetails" id="Role_DisclosureBalanceSheetComponentsAdditionalInformationDetails">
        <link:definition>100280 - Disclosure - Balance Sheet Components - Additional Information (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.tenayatherapeutics.com/20230630/taxonomy/role/DisclosureBalanceSheetComponentsSummaryOfAccruedAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesDetails" id="DisclosureBalanceSheetComponentsSummaryOfAccruedAndOtherCurrentLiabilitiesDetails">
        <link:definition>100290 - Disclosure - Balance Sheet Components - Summary of Accrued and Other Current Liabilities (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.tenayatherapeutics.com/20230630/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureLicenseAgreementsDetails" id="Role_DisclosureLicenseAgreementsDetails">
        <link:definition>100300 - Disclosure - License Agreements (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.tenayatherapeutics.com/20230630/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureCommitmentsAndContingenciesAdditionalInformationDetails" id="Role_DisclosureCommitmentsAndContingenciesAdditionalInformationDetails">
        <link:definition>100310 - Disclosure - Commitments and Contingencies - Additional Information (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.tenayatherapeutics.com/20230630/taxonomy/role/DisclosureCommitmentsAndContingenciesSummaryOfOperatingLeaseActivityDetails" id="DisclosureCommitmentsAndContingenciesSummaryOfOperatingLeaseActivityDetails">
        <link:definition>100320 - Disclosure - Commitments and Contingencies - Summary of Operating Lease Activity (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.tenayatherapeutics.com/20230630/taxonomy/role/DisclosureCommitmentsAndContingenciesSummaryOfFutureMinimumLeasePaymentsUnderOperatingLeasesDetails" id="DisclosureCommitmentsAndContingenciesSummaryOfFutureMinimumLeasePaymentsUnderOperatingLeasesDetails">
        <link:definition>100330 - Disclosure - Commitments and Contingencies - Summary of Future Minimum Lease Payments Under Operating Leases (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.tenayatherapeutics.com/20230630/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureStockBasedCompensationAdditionalInformationDetails" id="Role_DisclosureStockBasedCompensationAdditionalInformationDetails">
        <link:definition>100340 - Disclosure - Stock-Based Compensation - Additional Information (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.tenayatherapeutics.com/20230630/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureStockBasedCompensationSummaryOfStockOptionActivityDetails" id="Role_DisclosureStockBasedCompensationSummaryOfStockOptionActivityDetails">
        <link:definition>100350 - Disclosure - Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Stock Option Activity (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.tenayatherapeutics.com/20230630/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureStockBasedCompensationSummaryOfFairValueOfStockOptionAwardsDetails" id="Role_DisclosureStockBasedCompensationSummaryOfFairValueOfStockOptionAwardsDetails">
        <link:definition>100360 - Disclosure - Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Fair Value of Stock Option Awards (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.tenayatherapeutics.com/20230630/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureStockBasedCompensationSummaryOfRestrictedStockActivityDetails" id="Role_DisclosureStockBasedCompensationSummaryOfRestrictedStockActivityDetails">
        <link:definition>100370 - Disclosure - Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Restricted Stock Activity (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.tenayatherapeutics.com/20230630/taxonomy/role/DisclosureCommitmentsAndContingenciesSummaryOfFutureMinimumLeasePaymentsUnderOperatingLeasesDetails2" id="DisclosureCommitmentsAndContingenciesSummaryOfFutureMinimumLeasePaymentsUnderOperatingLeasesDetails2">
        <link:definition>100380 - Disclosure - Commitments and Contingencies - Summary of Future Minimum Lease Payments Under Operating Leases (Details) 2</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.tenayatherapeutics.com/20230630/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureStockBasedCompensationSummaryOfStockBasedCompensationDetails" id="Role_DisclosureStockBasedCompensationSummaryOfStockBasedCompensationDetails">
        <link:definition>100390 - Disclosure - Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Stock-based Compensation (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.tenayatherapeutics.com/20230630/taxonomy/role/DisclosureStockholdersEquityAdditionalInformationDetails" id="DisclosureStockholdersEquityAdditionalInformationDetails">
        <link:definition>100400 - Disclosure - Stockholders' Equity - Additional Information (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.tenayatherapeutics.com/20230630/taxonomy/role/DisclosureStockholdersEquityScheduleOfCommonStockReservedForIssuanceDetails" id="DisclosureStockholdersEquityScheduleOfCommonStockReservedForIssuanceDetails">
        <link:definition>100410 - Disclosure - Stockholders' Equity - Schedule of Common Stock Reserved for Issuance (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.tenayatherapeutics.com/20230630/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureIncomeTaxesAdditionalInformationDetails" id="Role_DisclosureIncomeTaxesAdditionalInformationDetails">
        <link:definition>100420 - Disclosure - Income Taxes - Additional Information (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType roleURI="http://www.tenayatherapeutics.com/20230630/taxonomy/role/Role_DisclosureNetLossPerShareScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfDilutedNetLossPerShareDetails" id="Role_DisclosureNetLossPerShareScheduleOfAntidilutiveSecuritiesExcludedFromComputationOfDilutedNetLossPerShareDetails">
        <link:definition>100430 - Disclosure - Net Loss Per Share - Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Diluted Net Loss Per Share (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
    </xsd:appinfo>
  </xsd:annotation>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_AdditionalOfficeAndLaboratorySpaceMember" name="AdditionalOfficeAndLaboratorySpaceMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_AmortizationOfPremiumOnMarketableSecurities" name="AmortizationOfPremiumOnMarketableSecurities" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_WarrantPurchaseCommonStockShares" name="WarrantPurchaseCommonStockShares" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_CommitmentsAndContingenciesTable" name="CommitmentsAndContingenciesTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_NonRefundableUpfrontLicenseFee" name="NonRefundableUpfrontLicenseFee" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_AnnualLicenseMaintenanceFees" name="AnnualLicenseMaintenanceFees" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_GladstoneMember" name="GladstoneMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_TwoThousandAndTwentyOneEquityIncentivePlanMember" name="TwoThousandAndTwentyOneEquityIncentivePlanMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_UniversityOfTexasSouthwesternLicenseAgreementMember" name="UniversityOfTexasSouthwesternLicenseAgreementMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_LeaseExpirationMonthAndYear" name="LeaseExpirationMonthAndYear" type="xbrli:gYearMonthItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_PreFundedWarrantsExercised" name="PreFundedWarrantsExercised" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_LesseeOperatingLeaseCommenced" name="LesseeOperatingLeaseCommenced" type="xbrli:gYearMonthItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_CashPaidForAmountsIncludedInTheMeasurementOfLeaseLiabilities" name="CashPaidForAmountsIncludedInTheMeasurementOfLeaseLiabilities" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_MilestoneObligationAmount" name="MilestoneObligationAmount" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_AvailableForSaleMarketableSecuritiesContractualMaturitiesTerm" name="AvailableForSaleMarketableSecuritiesContractualMaturitiesTerm" type="xbrli:durationItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_PercentageOfSharesOfCommonStockOutstandingOnLastDayOfImmediatelyPrecedingYear" name="PercentageOfSharesOfCommonStockOutstandingOnLastDayOfImmediatelyPrecedingYear" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesThatMayBeIssuedInAccordanceWithPlan" name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNumberOfSharesThatMayBeIssuedInAccordanceWithPlan" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1PricePerShare" name="ClassOfWarrantOrRightExercisePriceOfWarrantsOrRights1PricePerShare" type="dtr-types:perShareItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_ProceedsFromExerciseOfStockOptionsAndEmployeeStockPurchasePlan" name="ProceedsFromExerciseOfStockOptionsAndEmployeeStockPurchasePlan" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_UsTreasurySecuritiesNotIncludedWithCashAndCashEquivalentsMember" name="UsTreasurySecuritiesNotIncludedWithCashAndCashEquivalentsMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_MilestonePaymentsContingentUponAchievingSpecificClinicalAndCommercializationMilestoneEvents" name="MilestonePaymentsContingentUponAchievingSpecificClinicalAndCommercializationMilestoneEvents" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_SouthSanFranciscoCaliforniaMember" name="SouthSanFranciscoCaliforniaMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_MilestoneAndRoyaltyPayments" name="MilestoneAndRoyaltyPayments" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_GladstoneLicenseAgreementMember" name="GladstoneLicenseAgreementMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_UnionCityFacilityMember" name="UnionCityFacilityMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_SignificantAccountingPoliciesTable" name="SignificantAccountingPoliciesTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesOneAndTwoYearsFairValue" name="AvailableForSaleSecuritiesDebtMaturitiesOneAndTwoYearsFairValue" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_FollowOnOfferingMember" name="FollowOnOfferingMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_ImpairmentChargesOnMarketableSecuritiesRelatedToOtherThanTemporary" name="ImpairmentChargesOnMarketableSecuritiesRelatedToOtherThanTemporary" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_MaximumAggregateOfferingPrice" name="MaximumAggregateOfferingPrice" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_OfficeAndLaboratorySpaceMember" name="OfficeAndLaboratorySpaceMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherCurrentLiabilities" name="IncreaseDecreaseInAccruedLiabilitiesAndOtherCurrentLiabilities" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_OutstandingPreFundedWarrantsMember" name="OutstandingPreFundedWarrantsMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_AccruedEmployeeStockPurchasePlanDeductionLiability" name="AccruedEmployeeStockPurchasePlanDeductionLiability" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_ParticipantsToPurchaseCommonStockThroughPayrollDeductionMaximumPercentageOfEligibleCompensation" name="ParticipantsToPurchaseCommonStockThroughPayrollDeductionMaximumPercentageOfEligibleCompensation" type="dtr-types:percentItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidExpenseAndOtherCurrentAssets" name="IncreaseDecreaseInPrepaidExpenseAndOtherCurrentAssets" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_AccruedFacilityManagementServiceFee" name="AccruedFacilityManagementServiceFee" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_NumberOfAdditionalOptionToExtendMilestonePayment" name="NumberOfAdditionalOptionToExtendMilestonePayment" type="xbrli:integerItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_AccruedCompensationAndRelatedExpenses" name="AccruedCompensationAndRelatedExpenses" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_MilestonePaymentsContingentUponAchievingSpecificDevelopmentAndCommercializationMilestoneEvents" name="MilestonePaymentsContingentUponAchievingSpecificDevelopmentAndCommercializationMilestoneEvents" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_ParticipantsToPurchaseCommonStockThroughPayrollDeductionAnnualLimitOfEligibleCompensation" name="ParticipantsToPurchaseCommonStockThroughPayrollDeductionAnnualLimitOfEligibleCompensation" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterYearFour" name="LesseeOperatingLeaseLiabilityPaymentsDueAfterYearFour" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_SignificantAccountingPoliciesLineItems" name="SignificantAccountingPoliciesLineItems" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_SharesAvailableForFurtherIssuanceUnderTheEmployeeStockPurchasePlanMember" name="SharesAvailableForFurtherIssuanceUnderTheEmployeeStockPurchasePlanMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_CommitmentsAndContingenciesLineItems" name="CommitmentsAndContingenciesLineItems" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_AtTheMarketSalesAgreementMember" name="AtTheMarketSalesAgreementMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_AtTheMarketOfferingMember" name="AtTheMarketOfferingMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercisedAndVestingOfRestrictedStockUnits" name="StockIssuedDuringPeriodSharesStockOptionsExercisedAndVestingOfRestrictedStockUnits" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_CommissionOnSaleOfStock" name="CommissionOnSaleOfStock" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="debit"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_PreFundedWarrantMember" name="PreFundedWarrantMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_NumberOfLeaseRenewalTerm" name="NumberOfLeaseRenewalTerm" type="xbrli:integerItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_AccruedResearchAndDevelopmentExpenses" name="AccruedResearchAndDevelopmentExpenses" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_StockOptionsAndAwardsAvailableForFutureGrantMember" name="StockOptionsAndAwardsAvailableForFutureGrantMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_LicenseAgreementsAbstract" name="LicenseAgreementsAbstract" type="xbrli:stringItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_MilestoneObligationAdditionalExtendedPaymentTerm" name="MilestoneObligationAdditionalExtendedPaymentTerm" type="xbrli:durationItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_EmployeeStockPurchasePlanMember" name="EmployeeStockPurchasePlanMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_OutstandingStockOptionsAndAwardsMember" name="OutstandingStockOptionsAndAwardsMember" type="dtr-types:domainItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="true"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_ScheduleOfCommonStockReservedForIssuanceTableTextBlock" name="ScheduleOfCommonStockReservedForIssuanceTableTextBlock" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false"/>
  <xsd:element id="tnya_VestingOfEarlyExercisedStockOptions" name="VestingOfEarlyExercisedStockOptions" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" abstract="false" xbrli:balance="credit"/>
</xsd:schema>
